Which of the following factors could affect how medication works in an individual?

Age is a significant factor that can influence how medication works in an individual for several reasons. As people age, their bodies undergo various physiological changes that can affect drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For instance, older adults may have slower gastrointestinal transit times, altered liver function, and decreased kidney efficiency, all of which can impact how medications are processed and how long they remain active in the system.

Additionally, age can also affect the sensitivity to medications and the likelihood of experiencing side effects. For example, elderly patients may be more prone to sedation from medications due to increased sensitivity to central nervous system depressants. Understanding these age-related changes is crucial for healthcare professionals when prescribing and managing medications for patients of different age groups to ensure safety and efficacy.

In comparison, while daily habits can impact medication efficacy (such as diet and substance use), they are often more variable and subject to individual choices. Skin color is generally not a direct factor in how medications work, although genetic factors related to race and ethnicity can influence drug metabolism in some cases. Personal beliefs may affect a patient’s adherence to a medication regimen but do not typically alter the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the medication itself.