What does the abbreviation "NPO" signify for a patient?

The abbreviation "NPO" stands for "nothing by mouth," which indicates that a patient is advised not to consume any food or liquids orally. This is a critical instruction in many medical situations, such as before surgery or certain diagnostic tests, to ensure the safety of the patient by reducing the risk of aspiration or other complications.

In practical terms, when a patient is designated as NPO, it means that all oral intake is restricted, including water, medications, and nutritional supplements. Understanding this abbreviation is essential for healthcare providers to prevent misunderstandings regarding patient care and to ensure proper adherence to medical protocols.